Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727–33.
WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. 2020. Available from URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2919. Accessed on June 10, 2020.
Covid-19 dash board by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Available from URL: Accessed on July 1, 2020.
Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018, 223. Available from URL: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2018/en. Accessed on June 10, 2020:
Khaltaev N, Axelrod S. Chronic respiratory diseases global mortality trends, treatment guidelines, life style modifications, and air pollution: preliminary analysis. J Thorac Dis 2019;11:2643–55.
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980- 2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018;392:1736–88.
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018;392:1789–858.
Arokiasamy P. India's escalating burden of non-communicable diseases. Lancet Glob Health 2018;6:e1262–e1263.
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CRD Collaborators. The burden of chronic respiratory diseases and their heterogeneity across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:e1363–e1374.
Dhar R, Singh S, Talwar D, Mohan M, Tripathi SK, Swarnakar R, et al. Bronchiectasis in India: results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry. Lancet Global Health 2019;7:e1269-e1279.
Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Agarwal R, Kumar R, Kaur T, et al. Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012;16:1270–7.
Byrne AL, Marais BJ, Mitnick CD, Lecca L, Marks GB. Tuberculosis and chronic respiratory disease: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis 2015;32:138–46.
Singh V, Sharma BB. Respiratory disease burden in India: Indian Chest Society SWORD survey. Lung India 2018;35:459–60.
Singla N, Singla R, Fernandes S, Behera D. Post treatment sequelae of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients. Indian J Tuberc 2009;56:206–12.
Gandhi K, Gupta S, Singla R. Risk factors associated with post-TB sequele. Indian J Tuberc 2016;63:34–38.
Ravimohan S, Kornfeld H, Weissman D, Bisson GP. Tuberculosis and lung damage: from epidemiology to pathophysiology Eur Respir Rev 2018;27:170077.
Singla R, Mallick M, Mrigpuri P, Singla N, Gupta A. Sequelae of MDR-TB at treatment completion. Lung India 2018;35:4–8.
Singh S, Collins BF, Sharma BB, Joshi JM, Talwar D, Katiyar S, et al. Interstitial lung disease in India: results of a Prospective Registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195:801–13.
Dhooria S, Agarwal R, Sehgal IS, Prasad KT, Garg M, Bal A, et al. Spectrum of interstitial lung diseases at a tertiary center in a developing country: a study of 803 subjects. PLoS One 2018;13:e0191938.
Kumar R, Gupta N, Goel N. Spectrum of interstitial lung disease at a tertiary care centre in India. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2014;82:218–226.
Agarwal R, Denning DW, Chakrabarti A. Estimation of the burden of chronic and allergic pulmonary aspergillosis in India. PLoS One 2014;9:e114745.
Belongia EA, King JP, Kieke BA, Pluta J, Al-Hilli A, Meece JK, et al. Clinical features, severity, and incidence of RSV illness during 12 consecutive seasons in a community cohort of adults > /=60 years old. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018;5:ofy316.
Greenberg SB, Allen M, Wilson J, Atmar RL. Respiratory viral infections in adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:167–73.
Linden D, Guo-Parke H, Coyle PV, Fairley D, McAuley DF, Taggart CC, et al. Respiratory viral infection: a potential “missing link” in the pathogenesis of COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2019;28:180063.
Mallia P, Message SD, Gielen V, Contoli M, Gray K, Kebadze T, et al. Experimental rhinovirus infection as a human model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:734–42.
Wark PA, Tooze M, Powell H, Parsons K. Viral and bacterial infection in acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increases the risk of readmission. Respirology 2013;18:996–1002.
Khaltaev N. GARD, a new way to battle with chronic respiratory diseases, from disease oriented programmes to global partnership. J Thorac Dis 2017;9: 4676–89.
Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: a Nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020;55:2000547.
Halpin DMG, Faner R, Sibila O, Badia JR, Agusti A. Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8:436–8.
Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW; and the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020;323:2052–9.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395:1054–62.
Lippi G, MichaelHenry B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respir Med 2020;167:105941
Halpin DMG, Faner R, Sibila O, Badia JR. Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:436–38.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. GOLD COVID Guidance. 2020.
Global Initiative for Asthma. COVID-19: GINA answers to frequently asked questions on asthma management. 2020.
To T, Viegi G, Cruz AA. Taborda-Barata L, Asher I, Behera D, et al. A global respiratory perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: commentary and action proposals. Eur Respir J 2020 (Accepted, under publication).
World Health Organization. COVID-19 Global Overview.
Available from URL: https://qap.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/COVID-19/COVID-19.html. Accessed on April 19, 2020).
Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intens Care Med 2020;46:854–87.
Poston JT, Patel BK, Davis AM. Management of critically ill adults with COVID-19. JAMA 2020;323:839–41.
Ziehr DR, Alladina J, Petri CR, Maley JH, Moskowitz A, Medoff BD, et al. Respiratory pathophysiology of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201:1560–64.
Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Tian J, Xiong S. Risk factors associated with disease progression in a cohort of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Ann Palliat Med 2020;9:428–36.
Bezzio C, Saibeni S, Variola A, Allocca M, Massari A, Gerardi V, et al. Outcomes of COVID-19 in 79 patients with IBD in Italy: an IG-IBD study. Gut 2020;69:1213–7.
Myllyvirta L, Dahiya S. Air quality improvements due to COVID 19 lock-down in India assessment of NO2 satellite data from Sentinel 5P-TROPOMI for period of 11th March –24th March and 25th March –7th April for 2019 and 2020. Center For Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). 2020.
