The Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences

Register      Login

VOLUME 63 , ISSUE 1 ( January-March, 2021 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Clinical Profile of Interstitial Lung Disease at a Tertiary Care Centre in India

Deependra Kumar Rai, Abhisheka Kumar, Subhash Kumar, Somesh Thakur, Rahul Kumar

Keywords : Interstitial lung disease, Risk factors, Usual interstitial pneumonia, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Hypothyroidism

Citation Information : Rai DK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Thakur S, Kumar R. Clinical Profile of Interstitial Lung Disease at a Tertiary Care Centre in India. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2021; 63 (1):23-28.

DOI: 10.5005/ijcdas-63-1-23

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 18-11-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: The prevalence and spectrum of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) varies from region to region depending upon genetic and environmental factors. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study of 262 consecutive ILD patients diagnosed in the Pulmonary Medicine Department over a period of four years. Results: The mean age of the patient was 52.7±14.9 years; there were 120 males. All types of ILDs were more common in women except idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) which was found predominantly (90.6%) in male patients. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), possible UIP and inconsistent with UIP patterns in 50.4%, 9.5% and 40.1%, respectively. IPF was the most commonly found ILD (24.1%) followed by connective tissue disease related ILD (CTD-ILD) (22.1%), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (17.2%), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) (15.6%), sarcoidosis (7.6%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) (4.6%), cryptogenic organising pneumonia (4.2%), and occupational lung disease (2.7%), respectively. Bronchoscopic procedures were performed in 66 (25.2%) of patients which were diagnostic in 27 (44.9%); overall pathological diagnosis was possible in 10.2%. Univariate analysis showed smoking and hypothyroidism as statistically significant risk factors associated with IPF Conclusions: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was found as most common ILD; UIP pattern was seen in IPF, CTD-ILDs, chronic HSP and fibrotic NSIP


PDF Share
  1. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277–304.
  2. Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM, King TE, Lynch DA, Nicholson AG, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement. Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188:733–48.
  3. Gribbin J, Hubbard RB, Le Jeune I, Smith CJ, West J, Tata LJ. Incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis in the UK. Thorax 2006;61:980–5.
  4. Demedts M, Wells AU, Antó JM, Costabel U, Hubbard R, Cullinan P, et al. Interstitial lung diseases: an epidemiological overview. Eur Respir J 2001;32 (Suppl):2S–16S.
  5. Kumar R, Gupta N, Goel N. Spectrum of interstitial lung disease at a tertiary care centre in India. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2014; 82:218–26.
  6. Sen T, Udwadia ZF. Retrospective study of interstitial lung disease in a tertiary care centre in India. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2010;52:207–11.
  7. Jindal SK, Malik SK, Deodhar SD, Sharma BK. Fibrosing alveolitis: a report of 61 cases seen over the past five years. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 1979;21:174–9.
  8. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. Dust-induced interstitial lung disease in the tropics. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2001;7:272–7.
  9. Jindal SK, Gupta D, Aggarwal AN. Treatment issues in interstitial lung disease in tropical countries. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1999;5:287–92.
  10. Dhooria S, Agarwal R, Sehgal IS, Prasad KT, Garg M, Bal A, et al. Spectrum of interstitial lung diseases at a tertiary center in a developing country: a study of 803 subjects. PLoS One 2018;13:e0191938.
  11. Singh S, Collins BF, Sharma BB, Joshi JM, Talwar D, Katiyar S, et al. Interstitial lung disease in India: results of a prospective registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195:801–13.
  12. Valappil AT, Mehta AA, Kunoor A, Haridas N. Spectrum of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases: an experience from a tertiary care referral centre from South India. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc 2018;67:276–80.
  13. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidencebased guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:788–824.
  14. Jankowich MD, Rounds SIS. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review. Chest 2012;141:222–31.
  15. Shafeeq KM, Anithakumari K, Fathahudeen A, Jayaprakash B, Ronaid B, Sreekala W, et al. Aetiology and clinico-radiological profile of interstitial lung disease in a tertiary care centre. Pulmon 2011;13:12–15.
  16. Raghu G, Nyberg F, Morgan G. The epidemiology of interstitial lung disease and its association with lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2004;91:S3–10.
  17. Kalra S, D'Souza G, Bhusnuramth B, Jindal SK. Transbronchial lung biopsy in diffuse lung disease. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 1989;31:265–70.
  18. Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, Sobonya RE. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:967–72.
  19. Cottin V, Nunes H, Brillet PY, Delaval P, Devouassoux G, Tillie-Leblond I, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity. Eur Respir J 2005;26:586–93.
  20. Johnston ID, Prescott BJ, Chalmers JC, Rudd RM. British Thoracic Society study of cryptogenic fibrosingalveolitis: current presentation and initial management. Thorax 1997;52:38–44.
  21. Nagai S, Kitaichi M, Itoh H, Nishimura K, Izumi T, Colby TV. Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis: comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and BOOP. Eur Respir J 1998;12:1010–9.
  22. Kundu S, Mitra S, Ganguly J, Mukherjee S, Ray S, Mitra R. Spectrum of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases with special reference to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease: an eastern India experience. Lung India 2014;31:354–60.
  23. Subhash HS, Ashwin I, Solomon SK, David T, Cherian AM, Thomas K. A comparative study on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and secondary diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Indian J Med Sci 2004;58:185–90.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.