Citation Information :
Ketan P, Sivaradjy M, Abhinand S, Lulu J, Surendran D, Sastry A S. Kytococcus schroeteri: An Emerging Pathogen on the Horizon. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2022; 64 (1):37-40.
Kytococcus has long been considered to be a skin commensal or environmental contaminant. However, it has emerged as an aetiological agent of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis, pneumonia, bacteremia, osteoarticular, and implant/device infections, especially in patients with immunocompromised conditions, such as haematological malignancies, febrile neutropaenia and in patients on immunosuppressant therapy. We report a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis associated with Kytococcus schroeteri in a patient with rheumatic heart disease and mitral valve replacement. Special efforts to reach correct identification have to be made as Kytococcusis, commonly resistant to penicillins and oxacillins; and often needs prolonged treatment with glycopeptides containing combination antimicrobial therapy.
Stackebrandt E, Koch C, Gvozdiak O, Schumann P. Taxonomic dissection of the genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995;45:682–92. Erratum in: Int J Syst Bacteriol 1996;46:366.
Jourdain S, Miendje Deyi VY, Musampa K, Wauters G, Denis O, Lepage P, et al. Kytococcusschroeteri infection of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a child. Int J Infect Dis 2009;13:e153–5.
Schaumburg F, Schmalstieg C, Fiedler B, Brentrup A, Omran H, Becker K. A bumpy road to the diagnosis of a Kytococcus schroeteri shunt infection. J Med Microbiol 2013;62:165–8.
Chan JF, Wong SS, Leung SS, Fan RY, Ngan AH, To KK, et al. First report of chronic implant-related septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to Kytococcus schroeteri and a review of human K. schroeteri infections. Infection 2012;40:567–73.
Shah AS, Vijayvargiya P, Jung S, Wilson JW. Postoperative hardware-related infection from Kytococcus schroeteri: its association with prosthetic material and hematological malignancies: a report of a case and review of existing literature. Case Rep Infect Dis 2019:6936472.
Hodiamont CJ, Huisman C, Spanjaard L, van Ketel RJ. Kytococcus schroeteri pneumonia in two patients with a hematological malignancy. Infection 2010;38:138–40.
Blennow O, Westling K, Fröding I, Ozenci V. Pneumonia and bacteremia due to Kytococcus schroeteri. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50:522–4.
Amaraneni A, Malik D, Jasra S, Chandana SR, Garg D. Kytococcus schroeteri bacteremia in a patient with hairy cell leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015;2015:2173–07.
Nagler AR, Wanat KA, Bachman MA, Elder D, Edelstein PH, Schuster MG, et al. Fatal Kytococcus schroeteri infection with crusted papules and distinctive histologic plump tetrads. Arch Dermatol 2011;147:1119–21.
Mohammedi I, Berchiche C, Becker K, Belkhouja K, Robert D, von Eiff C, et al. Fatal Kytococcus schroeteri bacteremic pneumonia. J Infect 2005;51:E11–3.
Becker K, Wüllenweber J, Odenthal HJ, Moeller M, Shumann P, Peters G, et al. Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Kytococcus schroeteri. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:1493–5.
Le Brun C, Bouet J, Gautier P, Avril JL, Gaillot O. Kytococcus schroeteri endocarditis. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11:179–80.
Mnif B, Boujelbène I, Mahjoubi F, Gdoura R, Trabelsi I, Moalla S, et al. Endocarditis due to Kytococcus schroeteri: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:1187–9.
Aepinus C, Adolph E, von Eiff C, Podbielski A, Petzsch M. Kytococcus schroeteri: a probably underdiagnosed pathogen involved in prosthetic valve endocarditis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008;120:46–9.
Renvoise A, Roux V, Casalta JP, Thuny F, Riberi A. Kytococcus schroeteri, a rare agent of endocarditis. Int J Infect Dis 2008;12:223–7.
D'Andria A, Avallone L, Cinquanta L, Greco L, Marino S. Involvement of Kytococcus schroeteri in a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Microbiologia Medica 2008;23. doi:10.4081/mm.2008.2601
Yousri T, Hawari M, Saad R, Langley S. Kytococcus schroeteri prosthetic valve endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2010:bcr0620103064.
Poyet R, Martinaud C, Pons F, Brisou P, Carlioz R. Endocarditeinfectieuseà Kytococcus schroeteri [Kytococcus schroeteri infectious endocarditis]. Med Mal Infect 2010;40:51–3.
Liu JC, Jenkins DR, Malnick H, Kovac J, Szostek J. Kytococcus schroeteri endocarditis successfully managed with daptomycin: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Microbiol 2012;61750–3.
Bayraktar B, Dalgic N, Duman N, Petmezci E. First case of bacteremia caused by Kytococcus schroeteri in a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018;37:e304–e305.
Jacquier H, Allard A, Richette P, Ea HK, Sanson-Le Pors MJ, Berçot B. Postoperative spondylodiscitis due to Kytococcus schroeteri in a diabetic woman. J Med Microbiol 2010;59:127–9.
Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings; Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med 1994;96:200–9.
Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, Nettles R, Fowler VG Jr, Ryan T, et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:633–8.
Matsuura H, Uegami M, Matsuo N. Conjunctival petechiae and infective endocarditis. QJM: An Int J Med 2018;6:423.
